On the subject of the personal relationship between the child and the parents, there is the European Convention on the Establishment of Personal Relationships with Children, signed in 2003. In this Convention, it is the subject of determining the general principles to be applied to personal relations, the proper use of personal relations and injunction decisions regarding the child in the process.
Turkey is a part of the Convention and the Convention is applied to disputes where one of the parents is a foreigner. According to the Convention, each State Party shall ensure and promote the use of safeguards and guarantees. Judicial authorities may decide to establish a personal relationship, subject to safeguards or guarantees, in order to ensure both the enforcement of the decision and the return of the child to his or her habitual residence at the end of the period of contact, or that he or she is not legally relocated.
Is Personal Relationship with the Child Possible with Family Members Other than the Parents?
The Convention also grants people with family ties other than the mother and father the right to establish personal relations with the child, provided that it is in the best interests of the child. Family ties refer to close relationships that arise from a legal or de facto family relationship, such as existing relationships between a child and grandparents or brothers and sisters.
For more information on the convention please see: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=192
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